ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

نمو، عبارت است از تغییرات کیفی برنامه ریزی شد ه که گیاه را به سمت رسید گی هد ایت می نمایند و محققان آن را پد ید ه شناسی می نامند . شناخت زمان وقوع هر یک از این مراحل به منظور اعمال مد یریت مناسب برای افزایش عملکرد ضروری است. تعیین زمان وقوع مراحل نموی د ر سطح وسیع که د ربرگیرند ه اقلیم ها، ژنوتیپ ها و تاریخ های کاشت متفاوت می باشد ، کار بسیار د شواری است. پیش بینی مراحل پد ید ه شناسی به روش های معمول میسر نمی باشد و تنها از طریق بکارگیری مد ل های شبیه سازی، که با تلفیق عوامل موثر بر نمو می توانند زمان وقوع مراحل نمو را پیش بینی نماید ، امکان پذیر است. این مد ل بر مبنای معاد له خطی پاسخ د مایی نمو گیاه ساخته شد . به منظور ارزیابی مد ل، د و آزمایش مزرعه ای د ر سال های زراعی 83- 1382 و 84- 1383 اجرا گرد ید . مراحل نموی گند م بر مبنای مقیاس کربی و اپلیارد و به کمک میکروسکوپ تشریح مشخص و میزان د رجه- روز رشد تجمعی مورد نیاز هر مرحله نموی تعیین گرد ید . سپس با استفاد ه از د اد ه های آزمایشهای مذکور، مد ل واسنجی و ارزیابی گرد ید . مقایسه نتایج حاصل از شبیه سازی با نتایج واقعی (مشاهد ه شد ه) نشان د اد که مد ل با توانایی بالایی مراحل نمو گند م را پیش بینی می نماید .

مقدمه: سلامت انسان ها و در نتیجه سلامت جامعه، نقش موثری در توسعه و توانمندی جامعه دارد. سلامت، محور توسعه است و سطح سلامتی جامعه نیز از توسعه یافتگی آن تاثیر می پذیرد.هدف: هدف این پژوهش، بررسی برخی از شاخص های سلامت جسمی دانش آموزان پسر مقطع راهنمایی شهرستان گچساران در سال تحصیلی 1388 می باشد.مواد و روش ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی می باشد. در این مطالعه تعداد 1000 دانش آموز پسر 14-12 ساله که در مدارس مقطع راهنمایی شهرستان گچساران مشغول به تحصیل بودند، به صورت نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل پرسش نامه و برگه ثبت مشاهدات بود. جمع آوری داده ها از طریق مراجعه به مدارس و بررسی برخی از شاخص های سلامت جسمی دانش آموزان، تکمیل پرسش نامه توسط دانش آموزان و تکمیل برگه ثبت مشاهدات توسط پژوهشگر بر اساس مشاهده انجام شد، که جهت معاینه از ابزارهایی مانند: متر، ترازو، چارت اسنلن، دیاپازون، آبسلانگ، چراغ قوه و دستکش یک بار مصرف استفاده گردید.نتایج: نتایج حاصل نشان داد که میانه وزن و قد پسران در تمام گروه های سنی، از میانه استاندارد رشد پایین تر بود. به طور کلی وزن 4.6 درصد از دانش آموزان پایین تر از صدک سوم، 29.2 درصد بین صدک سوم تا پنجاهم، 54.3 درصد بین صدک پنجاهم تا نود و هفتم و 11.9 درصد آن ها بالاتر از صدک نود و هفتم قرار گرفته اند و به طور کلی قد 3.2 درصد از دانش آموزان پایین تر از صدک سوم، 32.6 درصد بین صدک سوم تا پنجاهم، 52.3 درصد بین صدک پنجاهم تا نود و هفتم و 11.9 درصد آن ها بالاتر از صدک نود و هفتم قرار گرفته اند. از نظر وضعیت بینایی، 25.8 درصد از آزمودنی ها، حداقل یک چشم دارای حدت بینایی کمتر از 0.9 داشتند. در رابطه با وضعیت شنوایی، 8.4 درصد دانش آموزان دچار کاهش شنوایی بودند. از نظر دندانی، 72 درصد دارای پوسیدگی بودند. هم چنین اسکولیوزیس، کیفوزیس و لوردوزیس به ترتیب در 6.8 درصد، 2.4 درصد و 3.9 درصد از دانش آموزان دیده شدند و تنها بین میزان تحصیلات پدر و میانگین تعداد فرزندان خانواده با دی ام اف تی، رابطه همبستگی وجود داشت.نتیجه گیری: یافته های این پژوهش، لزوم توجه بیشتر به بهداشت دهان و دندان، بهداشت تغذیه و ورزش، سلامت بینایی، شنوایی و دستگاه اسکلتی در نزد دانش آموزان را نشان می دهد.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

امروزه یکی از پرکاربردترین روش های بازنمایی زبان طبیعی، بازنمایی معنا جهت پردازش متون در سامانه های مختلف است. روش های بازنمایی معنا در سال های اخیر کاربردهای متعددی در حوزه پردازش زبان طبیعی از جمله سامانه های خلاصه سازی خودکار متن و سامانه های پرسش و پاسخ و غیره داشته اند. بسیاری از عبارات متنی ممکن است از لحاظ ساختار گرامری متفاوت، اما از نظر معنایی یکسانی باشند، لذا چگونگی اطلاق یک معنای یکسان و واحد به آن ها یکی از چالش های پردازش متن است. هدف اصلی این مقاله طراحی مدلی برای بازنمایی معنایی یکپارچه و مستقل از ساختار نحوی برای زبان طبیعی است. مدل پیشنهاد شده با حفظ سادگی خود در حاشیه نویسی و درک، عدم وابستگی به ویژگی های زبان طبیعی خاص و همچنین عدم وابستگی به ساختار نحوی و لغوی را دارد. در این راستا، مثال های از جملات زبان فارسی و انگلیسی که از نظر ساختار گرامری وتفاوت هایی با یکدیگر دارند، در مقاله با روش بازنمایی پیشنهادی ارائه شده اند. به علاوه، با استفاده از مدل پیشنهادی، بازنمایی یکسانی برای متون با معنای یکسان و در عین حال ساختار گرامری متفاوت ارائه می گردد. مدل پیشنهادی در قالب گراف و لیست جهت تفسیر در پیکره طراحی شده است. یکی از ویژگی های اصلی مدل پیشنهادی، قابلیت بازنمایی روابط معنایی در سطح جمله و در سطح سند جهت بازنمایی پدیده های پیچیده و مهم زبانی مانند جنبه، زمان و سورها است. سادگی مدل پیشنهادی سبب می گردد که پردازش های زبانی در کاربردهای مختلف کند ویا پیچیده نشود، و تهیه پیکره های مبتنی بر این مدل در آینده برای زبان های طبیعی مختلف پیچیدگی زیادی نداشته باشد، تا هم برای زبان های طبیعی با منابع محدود و هم برای زبان های طبیعی با امکانات کامل قابل بهره برداری باشد. همچنین، ویژگی های مدل پیشنهادی با یکی از مهم ترین کارهای مرتبط پیشین مقایسه شده است.